# Liquid templates
Liquid templates significantly broaden Pushwoosh’s personalization capabilities by implementing sophisticated logic in addition to regular[ Dynamic Content](/product/personalization/dynamic-content/) usage.
Message personalization in Pushwoosh is based on [Tags (user data)](/product/audience-data-and-segmentation/user-data-tags/tags). Pushwoosh offers a variety of [default Tags](/product/audience-data-and-segmentation/user-data-tags/tags#default-tags) and [custom Tags](/product/audience-data-and-segmentation/user-data-tags/tags#custom-tags). Using them, you can specify a user's first name, city, purchase history, etc. to send a more personalized message. For example: `Hi {{First_name}}, thanks for ordering {{item}}`.
Liquid templates add more logic to dynamic content. For instance, if a user's subscription tag contains "free," you can send them a message: “Grab your 10% discount.”
Modifying the message content according to users' IDs, behaviors, and preferences is the most efficient way to increase relevance and get more impressive results from your marketing campaigns.
## Syntax
Content templates based on [Liquid by Shopify](https://shopify.github.io/liquid/) use a combination of [**tags**](#tags), [**objects**](#objects), and [**filters**](#undefined) to load dynamic content. Content templates allow you to access certain variables from within a template and output their data without having to know anything about the data itself.
### Objects
`objects` define the content that will be displayed to a user. `objects` should be enclosed in double curly braces: `{{ }}`
For example, when personalizing a message, send `{{Name}}` in its body to add the users' names to the message's content. The user's name (Name tag value) will replace the Liquid object in a message the user will see.
```
Hi {{Name}}! We're glad you're back!
```
Hi Anna! We're glad you're back!
### Tags
`tags` create the logic and control flow for templates. The curly brace percentage delimiters `{%` and `%}` and the text that they surround do not produce any visible output when the template is rendered. This lets you assign variables and create conditions or loops without showing any of the Liquid logic to a user.
For example, using the `if` tag, you can vary the message's language based on what language is set on user's device:
```liquid
{% if Language == 'fr' %}
Salut!
{% else %}
Hello!
{% endif %}
````
Salut!
Hello!
### Tags operators
Operator
Description
==
equals
!=
does not equal
>
greater than
<
less than
>=
greater than or equal to
<=
less than or equal to
or
logical or
and
logical and
contains
checks for the presence of a substring inside a string or array of strings
### Filters
`filters` modify the output of a Liquid object or variable. They are used within double curly braces `{{ }}` and variable assignment, and are separated by a pipe character `|`. Multiple filters can be used on one output, and are applied from left to right.
```
{{ Name | capitalize | prepend:"Hello " }}
```
Hello Anna
## Liquid templates usage
Liquid templates are available for both messages sent from Control Panel and [API requests](/developer/guides/personalization/liquid-templates#using-liquid-templates-in-messages-sent-via-api).
In Pushwoosh, Liquid templates are applicable to all content fields of any channel message:
* Push notifications
* Emails
To add a Liquid Template to your message, insert it into the message's body. You can do it when working with [push](/product/customer-journey/journey-elements/#push) or [email](/product/customer-journey/journey-elements/#email) elements, directly from the Customer Journey Builder interface.
Go to **Customer Journey Builder** > **Create Campaign** > drag and drop the following elements to your canvas: **Audience-based Entry**, **Push** (or **Email**), and **Exit**. Connect the elements. Then click the **Push** icon, choose **Custom content**, and insert your copy.
To add Liquid logic, use tag values with the following syntax:
```liquid
{% if TagName == 'value' %}
Content to send in this scenario
{% else %}
Content to send otherwise
{% endif %}
```
Then click **Apply**.
Template variables (Pushwoosh Tags) should not contain any spaces and have only alphanumeric values and underscores, e.g., `my_tag` or `myTag` instead of `My Tag`.
[Learn more about Liquid templates in journeys](/product/customer-journey/journey-elements/dynamic-content-and-liquid-templates-in-journeys)
## Connected content
Connected content is a feature in Liquid templates that allows you to dynamically retrieve and use data from an external source, such as a web service, directly within your email or push notification messages. This feature enables real-time personalization by fetching JSON data from a specified URL and saving it to a variable that can be utilized in your content.
#### Key use cases
- **Product recommendations**: Display personalized product lists tailored to each user.
- **Promo codes**: Insert unique promo codes generated by a backend service.
#### Prerequisites
* To use Connected Content, you must have your own backend service that generates and provides the required data (e.g., promo codes, product recommendations) based on **User ID, HWID, or custom tags**. Pushwoosh then fetches this data before sending a message.
### Step-by-step implementation guide
#### Step 1. Set up backend service
The backend service should:
* Accept a request containing user-specific parameters (e.g., `userId`). Connected Content supports `UserID`, `HWID`, or any custom tags you’ve set up in your project.
* Return a JSON response with the required data. This content can then be inserted dynamically into messages
#### Step 2. Create a preset with Сonnected content in Pushwoosh
1. In the [Push](/product/content/push-presets/) or [Email content editor](/product/content/email-content/drag-and-drop-email-editor/), insert the Connected Content syntax into the message field.
**Example**
```
{% connected_content http://your-backend-url.com?userId={{ ${userid} }} :save result %}
```
**Syntax breakdown**
| | |
| ----- | ----- |
| `connected_content` | Fetches JSON data from the specified backend URL. |
| `http://your-backend-url.com` | The backend endpoint that returns required data in JSON format. |
| `userId={{ ${userid} }}` | A dynamic query parameter that passes the user ID to the backend. |
| `:save result` | Stores the fetched JSON response in the result variable for use in Liquid templates |
**Authentication (optional)**
If your backend service requires authentication, you can include an API key or token in the Connected Content request to ensure secure access.
```
{% connected_content http://your-backend-url.com?userId={{ ${userid} }}&auth=YOUR_API_KEY :save result %}
```
You can also send authentication (or any other) data as HTTP headers using the optional `:headers` parameter — a JSON object of header names and values.
```
{% connected_content http://your-backend-url.com?userId={{ ${userid} }} :headers {"Authorization": "Bearer YOUR_TOKEN", "X-Api-Key": "YOUR_API_KEY"} :save result %}
```
| | |
| ----- | ----- |
| `:headers {...}` | A JSON object of HTTP headers sent with the request, e.g. `Authorization: Bearer `. |
**Using tags in Connected content**
To include custom tags, insert them as query parameters in the **Connected Content** request (`{{ tag_name }}`).
```
{% connected_content http://your-backend-url.com?userId={{ ${userid} }}{{ Language }} :save result %}
```
2. Next, add the message text incorporating the **retrieved data**, like this:
```
Hey, {{userid}}, grab your personal promo code - {{result.code}}
```
3. After finalizing the message content and configuring the preset settings, save it for reuse in campaigns.
#### Step 3. Send a message using the configured preset
Send a message with this preset using the [one-time push](/product/messaging-channels/push-notifications/send-push-notifications/one-time-push/#how-to-send-a-push-notification-using-the-one-time-push-form) or [email form](/product/messaging-channels/emails/sending-emails/send-one-time-emails/) or [customer journey](/product/customer-journey/pushwoosh-journey-overview/).